Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that plays a vital role in the body’s response to stress, regulating blood sugar levels, and maintaining blood pressure. It is often referred to as the “stress hormone” because its levels increase in response to stress, whether physical or emotional.

Cortisol has several functions:

  1. Stress response: Helps the body respond to stress by increasing blood sugar levels, suppressing the immune system, and aiding in memory formation.
  2. Blood sugar regulation: Helps maintain blood sugar levels by stimulating the release of glucose from stored energy sources.
  3. Blood pressure regulation: Helps maintain blood pressure by regulating fluid balance and blood vessel constriction.
  4. Anti-inflammatory effects: Has anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce swelling and pain.
  5. Sleep-wake cycle regulation: Helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle (circadian rhythm).

However, chronically elevated cortisol levels can have negative effects, such as:

  • Weight gain
  • Insomnia
  • Blood sugar imbalances
  • Osteoporosis
  • Mood changes (anxiety, depression)
  • Memory and cognitive impairment

Maintaining healthy cortisol levels is essential for overall well-being.

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